Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was a prominent ancient Greek philosopher, born in Stagira and a student of Plato. He later became the tutor to Alexander the Great and founded his own school, the Lyceum. Renowned for his extensive contributions across various fields, Aristotle is often regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in Western philosophy.

His work in logic established him as the father of formal logic; the “Organon” compiles his studies on syllogism and deductive reasoning, laying the groundwork for future logical analysis. In ethics, Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics” explores the concept of virtue, emphasizing the importance of character and the pursuit of eudaimonia, or human flourishing, through virtuous living.

In the realm of politics, his text “Politics” examines different political systems and introduces the idea of a mixed government that balances elements of democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy, highlighting the role of citizens in governance. His seminal work “Metaphysics” investigates the nature of existence, substance, and causation, introducing foundational concepts such as the “Unmoved Mover.”

Aristotle also made significant contributions to the natural sciences, with texts like “Historia Animalium” detailing his observations and classifications of the natural world. In “Rhetoric,” he analyzes the art of persuasion, while “Poetics” delves into the elements of drama and poetry, particularly the structure of tragedy.

Aristotle’s systematic approach and empirical observations have left a lasting impact on philosophy, science, and ethics, continuing to resonate in academic discussions to this day.